Zane H. Healy said: >One specific thing I'm interested in is how to calculate how much physical >RAM my system really should have. Check out this neat free (donation requested) utility: Do I Need More Memory? http://www.hillmanminx.net/dinmm/index.html DINMM reports when pageouts are happening, and how often, and suggests to you whether you need more memory. DINMM uses a clever way of estimating your total memory requirement ie. the total memory that would be required to avoid pageouts for the typical set of applications that you use. Randy B. Singer Co-Author of: The Macintosh Bible (4th, 5th and 6th editions) Routine OS X Maintenance and Generic Troubleshooting http://www.macattorney.com/ts.html