I've been reading this topic with some interest as I've deliberately left my own wifi access point open (albeit with DHCP turned off), plus I've used unknown open access points for mail checks and some brief web browsing. I've read the analogies proposed so far. Reading the back of a fellow bus traveler's newspaper or listening to another's radio on the beach don't quite describe it as the vicarious reader/listener doesn't enter the newspaper/radio owner's property, and takes absolutely nothing from them. However, I really don't think the idea of borrowing someone's car for a moment when they're not using it is quite appropriate either, since depriving someone of their car (even for a moment) is a significant diminishment of their property. I think it's unambiguously morally wrong to use others' wifi access points without express permission, it's the equivalent to trespassing on private 'property' (their LAN) and stealing (using their LAN equipment and operating electricity, and their internet connection.) Would any of us just walk through a stranger's open house doors, turn on their lights, have a drink of their water and eat a couple potato chips from an open bag, without their express permission? I suspect not. Taking or using those things doesn't materially diminish the house owner's 'property' in any significant (or indeed measurable) way, but it's still trespassing and theft. Just because doors are left wide open doesn't mean we're invited in. Some open doors may actually be that invitation, others not, but morally we are obligated to ask before stepping inside. If we cannot discern a house owner's negligence from an invitation to enter, shouldn't we ask before entering? If there is noone to ask, or we get no answer to the request, then does that mean we're morally excused to just walk in? Having said all that however, I don't mind being morally wrong by taking so very little from whoever kind (or clueless) person who left their wifi doors wide open. They'll almost certainly never notice as it takes nothing of any significance. If they and theirs aren't diminished I'm comfortable taking this tiny thing (use of their LAN and inet connection), with the certain knowledge I haven't adversely affected them in any way. Did I legally and/or morally 'trespass' and 'steal'? You bet. Did I hurt the victim? I seriously doubt it. If I thought I was causing any harm I wouldn't do the deed. I've made my decision based on what (if any) harm I'd cause, not the legalities/moralities about stumbling through other's property as I shuffle along. Do I feel bad knowing I'm a trespasser and thief? I reckon I should, but really I don't. There's so much life about which to feel bad (and good) I lose no sleep over this tiny transgression. hth, Dan K (somewhat morally corrupt, knows and doesn't really care, so long as no one gets hurt) ................................. http://macdan.n3.net/ carracho://dankephoto.dhs.org:9700 hotline://dankephoto.dhs.org:9500 .................................